Biological examinations Medical biology exams Medical biology is a medical activity which aims to analyze and interpret the results of examinations carried out on biological materials produced by the organism (most often fluids) in order to know the pathophysiological origin of a sickness. What is a medical biology exam? Many medical biology examinations are carried out for the detection and monitoring of diseases. A biological test begins with the taking of a sample of blood, urine or any other body fluid. This sample is then analyzed to determine the normal value or imbalance of the biological constants (e.g. blood sugar) in the human body, to identify the cause of an infection, etc.